Signal Pilot
🔴 Professional • Lesson 100 of 100

The Business on One Page

Reading time ~10 min • Module 14: The Business
Signal Pilot
Professional Trading Education
0%
You’re making progress!
Keep reading to mark this lesson complete

Five numbers describe this business and they fail in a fixed order. The pace is 4.875 trades a month, so the edge arrives 58.5 times a year. The cost is 0.0796 of an R against an edge of 0.10, so 79.7 per cent of it never arrives at all. What is left earns 1,191 a year on a hundred-thousand account, which is 1.19 per cent. The withdrawal that a household actually takes is 6,000. And the record needed to prove any of it is 18,952 trades, which is 324 years. Read those in order and the business does not fail at the last one. It fails at the second, and everything after it is arithmetic on a number that has already gone.

Prerequisites: the four measurements of this module: lesson 96 for the pace and the losing month, lesson 97 for the withdrawal, lesson 98 for the cost and the sample size, and lesson 99 for the paths. This is the page that puts them in an order.

The card

Module 13 finished with a card of four columns and a deletion test. This one finishes with five rows and no test at all, because the rows are not competing measurements of one thing. They are five separate ways the business can stop, and they are printed in the order in which they bind.

What it isWhere it came fromThe figureBinds when
PaceLesson 76’s thirteen orders in twenty-eight days4.875 trades a monthAlways
CostLesson 93’s 0.1230 over lesson 63’s 1.54430.0796 R a tradeCost exceeds the edge
Net earning0.0204 R × 4.875 × 1% of the account99 a monthBelow the withdrawal
WithdrawalWhat a household takes500 a monthImmediately, and forever
VerdictLesson 19’s 7.85 over the square of the net edge18,952 tradesBeyond any career

Take rows three and four to the year, because the year is where a household lives. The net earning of 99 a month is 1,191 a year, which is 1.19 per cent of the account. The withdrawal of 500 a month is 6,000 a year, which is 6.00 per cent. The business is short by 4,809 a year before tax, before the fixed costs lesson 80 itemised, and before a single thing has gone wrong.

The fourth column is the one this module was written to fill in. Every row above it is a measurement and every row is fine on its own: 4.875 trades a month is a normal pace for a daily rule, 0.1230 is a normal round trip, and 500 a month is a modest wage. Nothing here is a mistake. The business fails because the five are multiplied together rather than considered one at a time, and the multiplication is what no report performs.

Reading the order

Start at the top and stop at the first row that binds. The pace never binds by itself; it only sets how often everything else happens. The cost binds when it is a large fraction of the edge, and at 79.7 per cent it has already bound before the reader reaches the third row.

That is the sentence this whole module exists for. The account arithmetic in lessons 97 and 99 is arresting, and it is downstream: it is the arithmetic of a business whose edge was already reduced by four fifths on the previous page. A trader who fixes the withdrawal, or raises the capital, or extends the horizon, has fixed rows three, four and five while row two is still taking the money.

And row two is the one with a known repair. Lesson 11 measured the same round trip running from a fraction of a basis point to hundreds depending on the instrument. Lesson 98’s third exit was to hold longer, so that R grows while the 0.1230 stays fixed. Both of those change row two directly, and both of them make rows three and four look completely different without touching either.

What the repair is worth

Take the same business and change one thing: hold each trade long enough that one R is 3.0886 a share rather than 1.5443, which is two bars of movement rather than one. Nothing else moves. The cost is still 0.1230 a round trip and the edge is still a tenth of an R, so the cost falls to 0.0398 of an R and the net edge rises from 0.0204 to 0.0602.

RowR is one barR is two bars
Cost as a share of the edge79.7%39.8%
Net edge a trade0.0204 R0.0602 R
Net earning a month, 100,000 at 1%99294
Trades a verdict needs18,9522,168
Years to that verdict, at this pace32437

Doubling the holding period triples the net earning and cuts the wait by a factor of nearly nine, because the wait moves with the square. It is still 37 years, which is still not a business, and that is the honest reading: the repair that helps most does not get this system to viability, it gets it from impossible to merely infeasible.

The reason is row one, and row one is the one row this course cannot repair. At 4.875 trades a month there are 58.5 chances a year for the edge to express itself, and no amount of improving each chance compensates for how few of them there are. Lesson 98’s middle column is where a business lives: 45 trades a month buys three winning months in four, and 45 a month is a different rule family on a different timeframe, not this one tuned.

The card does not say do not trade. It says this configuration — a daily crossover on one instrument, five trades a month, a hundred thousand, a wage taken monthly — is not the configuration. Every row is a dial, and the module’s finding is which dial to turn first.

So write your own five rows before your next month, in this order, and stop at the first one that binds.

What this does not settle

That the five rows are the whole business. They are the five this course can measure. Lesson 78 has tax, lesson 79 has the alternative uses of the same person’s time, and lesson 80 has the fixed costs of the operation itself, none of which appear on this card and all of which subtract. The card is a floor on the problem rather than a description of it.

That the two-bar repair is available. Doubling the holding period is written here as a free change and it is not: a rule that holds twice as long is a different rule with a different edge, and lesson 74 already showed this family’s whole correlation structure reversing between the first fourteen moves and the last fourteen. The table above holds the edge fixed at a tenth of an R while changing the thing that generates it, which is exactly the kind of assumption module 13 spent five pages refusing to make. It is here because the direction is right even though the figure is not.

That the pace cannot be raised on this instrument. It can, by running more of lesson 63’s 253 rules at once, which is what lesson 76 pointed at: all 253 together leave only one of twenty-eight days quiet. What that does not fix is lesson 71’s 0.9472 of correlation, so the trade count rises far faster than the number of independent bets, and lesson 91 measured the result: the whole grid earns 4.16 against a single rule’s 4.10.

That any of this is advice. It is a card with five rows on it computed from figures this course measured, and the reader’s own five rows will differ in every one. The transferable object is the order of the rows, which is the only part of this page that does not depend on the numbers in it.

And the concession that costs most: a hundred lessons have measured what a rule does, what it costs, what a book of rules does to itself and what a business built on one can support, and not one of them has measured whether a particular person should do this. That is not modesty. It is the boundary of what arithmetic can reach, and the reason every page in this course ends with what it does not settle rather than with what to do.

Problems

  1. Fill in your five rows. Your pace, your cost in R, your net earning a month, your withdrawal and your sample size. Half an hour if you have done the problems in lessons 96 to 99. You end holding one card.
  2. Find the row that binds. Read down it and stop at the first row where the figure is worse than the one below it can survive. Ten minutes, and you end holding one number: the row index, which is 2 on this card.
  3. Repair that row only. Change the single input that row depends on, leave every other input alone, and recompute the card. An hour, and you end holding one number: the new net earning a month. On this card, doubling the holding period takes it from 99 to 294 and leaves the business still not viable, which is the answer this module was written to be able to give.

Sources. Brad M. Barber and Terrance Odean, “Trading Is Hazardous to Your Wealth: The Common Stock Investment Performance of Individual Investors” (Journal of Finance, 2000), for the shape of the whole card at population scale: on 66,465 households, gross returns barely differ by activity while net returns differ enormously, which is row two stated as a measurement rather than as a division. Abraham Wald, “Sequential Tests of Statistical Hypotheses” (Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 1945), for row five and for the squaring that makes it move so violently when row two changes.

Module 14 ends here, and so does the course. The module 14 quiz is six questions that hand you numbers and ask for a number back: turn thirteen orders into a month, price the month that loses, subtract the round trip from the edge, size a withdrawal against what the account earns, run the trial and count what leaves during it, and read the card to find the row that binds. There is no module 15. What the course has instead is a hundred lessons in which every figure was recomputed rather than quoted, and a habit that outlives all of them: work the arithmetic before you believe the sentence.

Related Lessons
Lesson 96

The Month That Loses

The first row, and the 41.3 per cent of months it produces.

Read Lesson →
Lesson 98

The Number That Says Scale

The second row, which is the one that binds.

Read Lesson →
Lesson 95

The Book on One Card

The other card in this tier, and the deletion test on it.

Read Lesson →
Terms From This Lesson

Each of these is defined in the glossary against the arithmetic on this page.

Binding Constraint

Educational only. Trading involves substantial risk of loss. Not financial advice. Past performance does not guarantee future results.

💬 Discussion (0 comments)

0/1000

Loading comments...

← Previous Lesson Curriculum →

Ready to Trade with Signal Pilot?

Apply your trading education with professional indicators and real-time market analysis tools.

Back to Signal Pilot →